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ABS plastic is a tough, hard plastic used in applications requiring shock resistance. The polymer consists of three monomer units: acrylonitrile (C3H3N), butadiene (C4H6), and styrene (C8H8).
(a) A sample of ABS plastic contains 8.80% N by mass. It took 0.605 g of Br2 to react completely with a 1.20 g sample of ABS plastic. Bromine reacts 1:1 (by moles) with the butadiene molecules in the polymer and nothing else. What is the percent by mass of acrylonitrile and butadiene in this polymer?
% C3H3N
____%
% C4H6
____%
(b) What are the relative numbers of each of the monomer units in this polymer? (Give the ratio of acrylonitrile:butadiene:styrene; use the lowest possible coefficients.)
___ (C3H3N) : ___ (C4H6) : ___ (C8H8)
Answer:
This problem is very easy if broken down in steps.
1) It is easiest to first find the percent by mass of butadiene in the ABS sample. IT can be done by first finding the mass of C4H6 in the sample by using the molar masses of the various substances, along with the knowledge of the 1:1 stoichiometry of Bromine and butadiene. One canthen use dimensional analysis to "get what you want." as I have shown below, and then one can put this answer over the total amount of ABS sample. This gives one the percentage of that substances which is in the ABS, which is the percent by mass of that substance in the ABS.
0.605 g Br2 * (1 mol Br2/159.81 mol Br2) * (1 mol C4H6/1 mol Br2) * (54.1 g C4H6/1 mol C4H6) =
0.2048 g C4H6 in the sample
This comes out to a percent by mass of 0.2048 g C4H6/1.20 g ABS * 100 = 17.1 % C4H6
2) One can then find the percent by mass of acrylonitrile. This can be done by also using dimensional analysis and the knowledge that is in the problem, as shown below:
1.20 g ABS * (8.80 g N/100 g ABS) * (1 mol/14 g N) * (1 mol C3H3N/1 mol N) * (53.0626 g C3H3N/1 mol C3H3N) =
0.4002 g C3H3N in the sample
percent by mass = 0.4002 g C3H3N/1.20 g ABS = 33.3 % C3H3N
3) The rest of the substance must be styrene. You get 0.59496 g C8H8 and 49.6 % C8H8 for the sample when you subtract the other numbers from the amount of substance and percent by mass respectively.
--------------------------------------
In order to find the relative numbers of each of the monomer units, take the various amounts of substances you got:
0.59496 g C8H8
0.4002 g C3H3N
0.2048 g C4H6
and convert these numbers into moles using the molar masses of these substances
5.71 e-3 moles C8H8
7.54e-3 mol C3H3N
3.79e-3 mol C4H6
Then take the lowest number here and divide all values by that number. You will get (with rounding):
1.5
2
1
So the ratio of the substances as the answer requires are:
2 : 1 : 1.5
Note that this answer (nor any answer) is not perfect, due to rounding. But this is a good enough answer.
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